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Physiological effects

Compensatory mechanism of adaptive responses to interval hypoxia

Improves the microcirculation [Belyavskiy et al., Bobyleva et al., Ischuk et al.,Townsend et al.]
Reduces endothelial dysfunction [Chiu et al. , Elchaninova et al., Haider et al., Manukhina et al.]
Increases myocardium and brain resistance to acute ischaemia (precondition-like effect) [Bulgaket al., Zhua et al.]
Reduction in the negative consequences of systemic oxidative stress Arkhipenko et al., Borukaeva et al., Elchaninova et al.]

Increases the lung diffusion capacity for CO₂ and O₂ [Vogtel et al. ]
Increases the ventilatory response [Hetzler et al., Katayama et al. ]
Improves the respiratory function [Ainslie et al. , Bobyeva et al., Borukaeva et al., Katayama et al. ]
Improves bronchial performance [Ainslie et al. , Borukaeva et al.]
Increases baroreflex sensitivity [Haider et al.]

HIF-1-alpha, HIF-3-alpha, VEGF, EPO, NOS expression [Ferrara et al., Semenza ]
Induction of defence protein synthesis (HSP, Fe-RP, repair enzymes) [Arkhipenko et al.]
Increases glycolic enzymes [Fenkci et al. ]
Improves insulin sensitivity [Lusina et al. , Mackenzie et al. ]
Increases glucose transporter GLUT-4 [Chiu et al. , Townsend et al.]
Lowers cholesterol levels [Glazachev et al., Lyapkov et al., Sokolov et al.]
Anti-inflammatory effect [Anderson et al. , Serebrovskaya et al.]

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